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Preparation of a liquid benzoxazine based on cardanol and the thermal stability of its graphene oxide composites
Author(s) -
Xu Guomei,
Shi Tiejun,
Liu Jianhua,
Wang Qidong
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.40353
Subject(s) - cardanol , materials science , differential scanning calorimetry , curing (chemistry) , thermogravimetric analysis , thermal stability , composite material , oxide , thermal decomposition , graphene , silane , chemical engineering , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , chemistry , epoxy , physics , nanotechnology , metallurgy , thermodynamics , engineering
A novel liquid benzoxazine was synthesized by Mannich reaction of cardanol, paraformaldehyde, and allylamine. The benzoxazine structure was characterized by 1 H‐NMR and FTIR. The liquid benzoxazine could dissolve easily in many solvents. The curing behavior of the benzoxazine was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and its curing temperature was about 233°C. A benzoxazine‐functional silane coupling agent (BFSca) was synthesized with paraformaldehyde, phenolphthalein, and aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Graphene oxide (GO) was also made via improved Hummer's method. Then benzoxazine/GO composites were prepared using BFSca by solution blending and the curing behaviors of the composites were also characterized by IR, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis. The minimum curing temperature and the highest 5% weight loss temperature for the composites was, respectively, 185 and 399.8°C. The SEM images of benzoxazine/GO composites demonstrated that BFSca had improved the dispersion of GO in the benzoxazine and also enhanced the thermal decomposition temperature of the composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40353.