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Highly exfoliated nanostructure in trifunctional epoxy/clay nanocomposites using boron trifluoride as initiator
Author(s) -
Hutchinson John M.,
Shiravand Fatemeh,
Calventus Yolanda,
FernándezFrancos Xavier,
Ramis Xavier
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.40020
Subject(s) - materials science , boron trifluoride , cationic polymerization , differential scanning calorimetry , curing (chemistry) , epoxy , polymer chemistry , montmorillonite , nanocomposite , chemical engineering , intercalation (chemistry) , exfoliation joint , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis , physics , graphene , engineering , thermodynamics , nanotechnology
Epoxy/clay nanocomposites based upon a trifunctional epoxy resin, triglycidyl p‐amino phenol (TGAP), have been prepared by intercalating an initiator of cationic homopolymerization, a boron trifluoride monoethylamine (BF 3 ·MEA) complex, into the montmorillonite clay galleries before the addition of the TGAP and the curing agent, 4,4‐diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS), and effecting the isothermal curing reaction. The BF 3 ·MEA enhances the intragallery cationic homopolymerization reaction, which occurs before the extragallery cross‐linking reaction of the TGAP with the DDS, and which hence contributes positively to the mechanism of exfoliation of the clay. The effects of isothermal cure temperature and of BF 3 ·MEA content have been studied, in respect of both the reaction kinetics, monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, and the nanostructure, as identified by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the use of BF 3 ·MEA in this way as an initiator of intragallery homopolymerization significantly improves the degree of exfoliation in the cured nanocomposites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131 , 40020.