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Carbazoles on same main chain for polymer solar cells
Author(s) -
Qin Ruiping,
Jiang Yurong,
Ma Heng,
Yang Le,
Liu Hengzhi,
Chang Fanggao
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.38996
Subject(s) - carbazole , polymer , conjugated system , materials science , polymer solar cell , polymer chemistry , coplanarity , condensation polymer , homo/lumo , thiophene , arylene , delocalized electron , side chain , branching (polymer chemistry) , organic solar cell , acceptor , chemistry , photochemistry , organic chemistry , molecule , physics , composite material , alkyl , geometry , mathematics , aryl , condensed matter physics
Planar conjugated 2,7‐linked carbazole blocks: Q1(2,7‐dibromo‐9‐octyl‐9H‐carbazole); Q2(7,7′‐dibromo‐9,9′‐dioctyl‐9H,9′H‐2,2′‐bicarbazole); Q3 (7‐bromo‐7′‐(7‐bromo‐9‐octyl‐9H‐carbazol‐2‐yl)‐9,9′‐dioctyl‐9H,9′H‐2,2′‐bicarbazole) were coupled with same acceptor (4,7‐di[2,5‐thiophene]‐5,6‐dioctyloxy‐2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole) to prepare polymers HXS‐1, 2, 3 (Scheme 1). Bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSCs) with these polymers were made. Power conversion efficiency of HXS‐1 was proved to be over 5.4%. It declined dramatically to 0.43% and 0.23% for HXS‐2 and 3 respectively. Their absorption and X‐ray diffraction pattern show the torsion angle in main chain increased when more carbazole units were added. More carbazoles will make polycondensation reaction more difficult to get high molecular weight polymers. The torsion angle was calculated using a semiempirical molecular orbital method. All the results pointed out that the coplanarity in the conjugated backbone was destroyed. Electron delocalization was disturbed because p‐orbital overlapping only occurs effectively in the parallel orbit so charge cannot move a longer distance. This study offers a useful and important insight to designing polymers for high performance PSCs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013