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Properties of polyimide hybrids with mixed metal oxide
Author(s) -
Lu HsuTung,
Huang ShihLiang,
Tseng IHsiang,
Lin YinKai,
Tsai MeiHui
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.37865
Subject(s) - polyimide , materials science , contact angle , oxide , hybrid material , dielectric , metal , polymer chemistry , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chemical engineering , composite material , layer (electronics) , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , engineering , metallurgy
Polyimide/silica–titania (PI/SiO 2 –TiO 2 ) hybrid films were prepared via an in situ sol–gel process. The PI precursor, poly(amic acid) (PAA), which contains 2,2'‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐phenyl]propane (p‐BAPPP), 3,3',4,4'‐ benzophenetetracarboxylic anhydride (BTDA) and 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APrTMOS), was first synthesized; this was followed by the addition of phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) and/or tetraethyl orthotitanate (Ti(OEt) 4 ) to fabricate PI/SiO 2 –TiO 2 films. The relative content of SiO 2 to TiO 2 has remarkable effects on the crosslink structure and resultant properties of the hybrids. XPS results confirm that the amount of Si on the surface of the hybrids is higher than that in the bulk. The distribution of Ti in the hybrid films is contrary to the above trend because of the formation of three‐dimensional SiOSi, SiOTi, and TiOTi networks. The SiO 2 content of the hybrids containing only silica significantly affects their refractive index, contact angle, and dielectric constant. The films with added PTMS show higher contact angles than pure PI because nonpolar segments, C 2 H 6 or benzene groups, tend to distribute on the surface. Upon the addition of (Ti(OEt) 4 ), some hydrophilic segments on the surface of the hybrids are induced because of the formation of a crosslinked structure. The denser crosslinked molecular structure, and consequently lower CTE and higher T g are obtained from hybrids containing more TiO 2 . By comparing the above properties and flexibility, the best composition of metal oxides (SiO 2 /TiO 2 ) in hybrids is 20/80. That is, an optimum ratio of metal oxides in PI hybrids induces superior properties for advanced practical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013