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Polymerization of N ‐vinylcarbazole (NVC) by tungsten blues (WB) and evaluation of a conducting PNVC‐WB nanocomposite isolated from the system
Author(s) -
Ghosh Debanjana,
Biswas Mukul
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.31859
Subject(s) - polymer chemistry , polymerization , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , materials science , nanocomposite , composite number , polymer , chemical engineering , composite material , engineering
Tungsten oxide and tungsten blues (WB) prepared by reducing the former with stannous chloride were capable of initiating the bulk polymerization of N ‐vinylcarbazole (NVC) at the melting temperature of the latter (65°C). The polymerizations were initiated by a η 2 ‐type of complex formation involving π‐clouds of vinyl group and the available d‐orbitals of W 6+ ions. A composite of PNVC with WB was isolated and characterized. Formation of PNVC and its incorporation in the composite was confirmed by FTIR, NMR, and UV absorption spectroscopic studies. Scanning electron micrographic analyses of PNVC‐WB composite revealed the presence of close packed aggregates comprising particles of average sizes between 100–200nm range. TGA revealed the thermogravimmetric stability trend as WB > PNVC‐WB > PNVC. Dc conductivities of PNVC‐WB nanocomposite were found to depend on the WB : PNVC weight ratio in the composite and varied from 3.5 × 10 −4 (weight ratio 26) to 3 × 10 −2 S/cm (weight ratio 100) at room temperature. The threshold WB : PNVC weight ratio for the manifestation of conductivity in the composite was around 25 under the experimental condition of this study. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010