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Polymer dynamics in rubbery epoxy networks/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanocomposites
Author(s) -
Kourkoutsaki Th.,
Logakis E.,
Kroutilova I.,
Matejka L.,
Nedbal J.,
Pissis P.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.30225
Subject(s) - materials science , glass transition , diglycidyl ether , polymer chemistry , differential scanning calorimetry , polymer , relaxation (psychology) , dielectric , epoxy , nanocomposite , dynamic mechanical analysis , chemical engineering , composite material , bisphenol a , thermodynamics , psychology , social psychology , physics , optoelectronics , engineering
Dielectric techniques, including thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC, −150 to 30°C) and, mainly, broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS, 10 −2 – 10 6 Hz, −150 to 150°C) were employed, next to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to investigate molecular dynamics in rubbery epoxy networks prepared from diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) and poly(oxypropylene)diamine (Jeffamine D2000, molecular mass 2000) and modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) units covalently bound to the chains as dangling blocks. Four relaxations were detected and analyzed: in the order of increasing temperature at constant frequency, two local, secondary γ and β relaxations in the glassy state, the segmental α relaxation associated with the glass transition and the normal mode relaxation, related with the presence of a dipole moment component along the Jeffamine chain contour. Measurements on pure Jeffamine D2000 helped to clarify the molecular origin of the relaxations observed. A significant reduction of the magnitude and a slight acceleration of the α and of the normal mode relaxations were observed in the modified networks. These results suggest that a fraction of polymer is immobilized, probably at interfaces with POSS, due to constraints imposed by the covalently bound rigid nanoparticles, whereas the rest exhibits a slightly faster dynamics due to increaseof free volume resulting from loosened molecular packing of the chains (plasticization by the bulky POSS units).The increase of free volume is rationalized by density measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009