Effect of the mixing sequence on the morphology and properties of a polypropylene/polydimethylsiloxane/nano‐SiO 2 ternary composite

Ternary composites of polypropylene (PP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, and nano‐SiO 2 , prepared with three different mixing sequences, were studied for dispersion morphology and its effect on the crystallization of PP and the mechanical properties. The mixing sequence produced a significant effect on the dispersion morphology and, thereby, on the mechanical properties of the composites. A two‐step mixing sequence, in which nano‐SiO 2 was added in the second step to the PP/PDMS binary system, produced a significant encapsulation of nano‐SiO 2 by PDMS, and this, in turn, resulted in the poor modulus and impact strength of the composite. A one‐step mixing sequence of all three components produced a separated dispersion of PDMS and nano‐SiO 2 phases in the PP matrix with the occurrence of a fine band of nano‐SiO 2 particles at the boundaries of the PDMS domains and the presence of some nano‐SiO 2 filler particles inside the PDMS domains. This one‐step mixing sequence produced an improvement in the tensile modulus but a decrease in the impact strength with increasing nano‐SiO 2 content. In the third sequence of mixing, which involved a two‐step mixing sequence through the addition of PDMS in the second step to the previously prepared PP/nano‐SiO 2 binary system, the morphology of the dispersion showed separately dispersed PDMS and nano‐SiO 2 phases with a loose network of nano‐SiO 2 particles surrounding the PDMS domains. This latter series of ternary composites had the highest impact strength and exhibited high shear deformation under tensile and impact conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008