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Thermodynamic studies related to emulsion polymerization
Author(s) -
Balashova Ida M.,
Galdámez J. Román,
Danner Ronald P.,
Duda J. Larry
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.25557
Subject(s) - vinyl acetate , ternary operation , monomer , emulsion polymerization , inverse gas chromatography , unifac , polymerization , polymer , thermodynamics , polyvinyl acetate , polymer chemistry , flory–huggins solution theory , emulsion , diffusion , phase (matter) , pulmonary surfactant , materials science , chemistry , copolymer , organic chemistry , phase equilibrium , physics , computer science , programming language
Liquid–liquid and vapor–liquid phase equilibria for the binary, ternary, and quaternary systems of vinyl acetate, surfactant, water, and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) were obtained using liquid–liquid equilibria, inverse gas chromatography, and the headspace methods. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters for the different species in the emulsion polymerization of PVAc latices are reported. These parameters could not be used to predict the phase equilibria because of their strong dependence on concentration. The UNIFAC‐vdW‐FV model was applied to predict the vapor–liquid equilibria in the binary and ternary systems containing vinyl acetate, 4‐nonylphenol polyethoxilate surfactant, and PVAc. The predicted results compare favorably with the experimental data for all systems. Diffusion coefficients were also measured for the solvents in the PVAc. Analysis confirmed that the diffusion in the latex particles was so fast compared to the reaction that the assumption of uniform monomer composition through the particles was valid. On the other hand, the results indicate that the complex thermodynamic interactions will lead to changes with time in the monomer concentration in the reacting polymer phase. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007