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Zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate as flame‐retardant agents for flexible poly(vinyl chloride)
Author(s) -
Xu Jianzhong,
Zhang Chunyan,
Qu Hongqiang,
Tian Chunming
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.22282
Subject(s) - fire retardant , stannate , zinc , limiting oxygen index , thermogravimetry , materials science , tin , char , vinyl chloride , differential thermal analysis , zinc borate , nuclear chemistry , thermogravimetric analysis , smoke , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , organic chemistry , composite material , metallurgy , pyrolysis , physics , copolymer , diffraction , optics , polymer
The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) were investigated in a comparison with alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and Sb 2 O 3 through the limiting oxygen index test and smoke density test. The flame‐retardant mechanisms were studied through the char yield test, SEM, quantitative analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The thermal degradation in air of flexible PVC treated with the above compounds was studied by thermal analysis from ambient temperature to 800°C. The results showed that tin compounds such as ZHS and ZS could be used as a highly effective flame retardant for flexible PVC, and it appears that the tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1469–1475, 2005