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Proton‐exchange membranes via the grafting of styrene and acrylic acid onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer by a preirradiation technique. IV. Dynamic mechanical analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy studies of grafted and sulfonated membranes
Author(s) -
Phadnis S.,
Patri M.,
Chakraborty B. C.,
Singh P. K.,
Deb P. C.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.21348
Subject(s) - scanning electron microscope , crystallinity , grafting , materials science , copolymer , membrane , acrylic acid , polymer chemistry , styrene , dynamic mechanical analysis , chemical engineering , chemistry , composite material , polymer , biochemistry , engineering
The grafting of styrene and acrylic acid onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer was carried out by a preirradiation technique. The resulting membranes were sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid. The effects of the degree of grafting and sulfonation on the structure of the membranes were studied by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallinity percentage decreased with increasing grafting. Scanning electron microscopy studies confirmed that grafting took place by a front mechanism, by which grafting started at the surface and slowly proceeded inwards. The dynamic mechanical properties of the membranes and their sulfonated derivatives were also investigated. The storage modulus at room temperature increased with grafting and increased further with sulfonation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1426–1431, 2005