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A phosphorus‐containing diamine for flame‐retardant, high‐functionality epoxy resins. I. Synthesis, reactivity, and thermal degradation properties
Author(s) -
Liu Weichang,
Varley Russell J.,
Simon George P.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.20145
Subject(s) - epoxy , differential scanning calorimetry , thermogravimetric analysis , curing (chemistry) , materials science , diamine , polymer chemistry , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , fire retardant , reactivity (psychology) , thermal stability , amine gas treating , chemical engineering , chemistry , composite material , organic chemistry , medicine , physics , alternative medicine , pathology , engineering , thermodynamics
A phosphorus‐containing amine, bis(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl phosphine oxide (BAPP), suitable for curing epoxy resins with improved fire performance was synthesized and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The reactivity of the amino group was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry of the epoxy–amine mixture and by proton nuclear magnetic resonance of the amino unit. With BAPP as a curing agent, a range of high‐functionality, aerospace epoxy resins were cured, and the dynamic kinetic parameters calculated from Kissinger's and Ozawa's models were compared with those from the more widely used amines. The thermal degradation properties of the phosphorus‐containing epoxy resins were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, the degradation activation energy was calculated, and a multistep thermal degradation process was observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2093–2100, 2004