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Flocculation of carbon black in filled rubber compounds. I. Flocculation occurring in unvulcanized compounds during annealing at elevated temperatures
Author(s) -
Böhm Georg G. A.,
Nguyen My N.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1995.070550707
Subject(s) - flocculation , carbon black , natural rubber , annealing (glass) , materials science , vulcanization , polymer , chemical engineering , composite material , shear (geology) , polymer chemistry , engineering
It has been found that appreciable carbon black flocculation can occur in filled rubber stocks during storage or vulcanization in the absence of shear. The kinetics of this flocculation process were studied by means of low strain dynamic mechanical property and electrical conducitvity measurements. The results showed the rate of flocculation to be governed by the type and concentration of carbon black, polymer macrostructure, mixing history, and annealing temperature. A mechanism responsible for the formation of this carbon black network structre was proposed and the resulting changes in the physical properties of vulcanizates prepared from these rubber compounds were elucidated. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.