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Coconut husk lignin. III. Reactivity of alkaline extracts with formaldehyde
Author(s) -
VázquezTorres H.,
CanchéEscamilla G.,
CruzRamos C. A.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1993.070470106
Subject(s) - formaldehyde , phenol , reactivity (psychology) , chemistry , phenol formaldehyde resin , anthraquinone , thermogravimetric analysis , differential scanning calorimetry , nuclear chemistry , husk , aqueous solution , thermal stability , organic chemistry , lignin , medicine , physics , alternative medicine , botany , pathology , biology , thermodynamics
In this article we report results of the evaluation of the reactivity of polyphenolic extracts of coconut husk with formaldehyde in both acidic and alkaline media. The objective of this evaluation was to determine if the extracts could be used in the preparation of phenol–formaldehyde‐type resins. Extracts were obtained using aqueous solutions of NaOH (with and without anthraquinone) and NH 4 OH. Because of their low Stiasny's Number values, these extracts are not suitable for phenol–formaldehyde resin preparation in acidic conditions unless they are mixed with phenol or phenolic derivatives. Nevertheless, extracts obtained with NaOH, especially at 100 and 120°C, showed sufficient reactivity with form‐aldehyde in basic conditions and may therefore be considered suitable for resin preparation in an alkaline medium. The resins were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). A transition temperature prior to decomposition was not detected; their thermal stability was similar to phenol–formaldehyde‐type resins. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.