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Internal stress, lattice deformation, and modulus of polymers
Author(s) -
Zhang Anqiu,
Jiang Hao,
Wu Zongquan,
Wu Chenxun,
Qian Baojun
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1991.070420635
Subject(s) - materials science , polymer , composite material , polypropylene , crystallization , modulus , crystallization of polymers , polyethylene , elastic modulus , ultimate tensile strength , crystal (programming language) , macromolecule , chemical engineering , chemistry , computer science , programming language , biochemistry , engineering
The relationships among internal stress, lattice deformation, and the moduli of polymers, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyacryonitrile (PAN), and poly( p ‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), have been studied systematically. Compared to small molecule crystals, polymer crystals have many more defects and their parameters of the crystal unit cells and the density of the crystalline region are easy to vary to a certain extent. During the processing, external stresses were put on the polymer fibers and polymer molecules were drastically deformed, which induced polymer crystallization and preferred orientation. After processing, there are many macromolecules frozen in the nonequilibrium status, which is the cause of internal stress. Heat treatment could give energy to the macromolecules to release the internal stress and to approach thermodynamic equilibrium. For polymer crystals, the higher the annealing temperature, the shorter the lengths of the unit cell axes, the more integral and regular the crystal lattice, and the smaller the unit cell volume. Crystalline modulus changes not only with different kinds of polymer materials, but also with measurement temperature and processing history. Polymer processing, mainly drawing, causes orientation and internal stress which causes lattice deformation and raises tensile modulus of polymer materials.