Premium
Evaluation of alkylated diphenyl ether disulfonate surfactants in 60 : 40 styrene—butadiene emulsion copolymerization
Author(s) -
Vanderhoff J. W.,
Dimonie V. L.,
ElAasser M. S.,
Settlemeyer L. A.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1990.070410716
Subject(s) - styrene , chemistry , copolymer , pulmonary surfactant , diphenyl ether , ether , emulsion polymerization , emulsion , potassium persulfate , aqueous solution , alkylation , polymer chemistry , polymerization , organic chemistry , biochemistry , catalysis , polymer
Dowfax* 2A1 is a branched C 12 ‐alkylated diphenyl ether disulfonate surfactant widely used in industrial emulsion polymerization because of its electrolyte tolerance, stability in concentrated acids and alkalis, oxidation resistance, temperature stability, efficiency in solubilization, and moderate foaming. This surfactant and other similar surfactants were evaluated as emulsifiers in 60 : 40 styrene‐butadiene emulsion copolymerizations carried out at 70°C using persulfate ion initiator, and their solution properties were determined. The similar surfactants were Dowfax 3B2 (linear C 10 ‐alkylated), XD‐8390 (linear C 16 ), XD‐8292 (linear C 6 ), XD‐8174 (linear C 12 ), and various laboratory monoalkylated and dialkylated variations. Sodium lauryl sulfate, Aerosol MA, and Aerosol OT were used as standards for comparison. The emulsifier concentration required to give a 200‐nm particle diameter varied strongly with the degree of alkylation of the emulsifier; the linear C 16 ‐monoalkylated diphenyl ether disulfonate emulsifier gave the desired diameter with the lowest concentration. The adsorption isotherms of these emulsifiers on the 60 : 40 styrene—butadiene copolymer particles were determined and correlated with the emulsifier structure. The interfacial tensions between styrene and the aqueous emulsifier solutions were measured and used to calculate the free energies of micellization and adsorption.