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Moisture regain and dyeability of poly(acrylic acid)‐ and poly(styrene)‐carbamoylethylated cotton graft copolymers induced by gamma radiation
Author(s) -
Hebeish A.,
Zahran A. H.,
ElNaggar A. M. K.,
Rabie A. M.
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1986.070310122
Subject(s) - copolymer , styrene , grafting , monomer , dyeing , reactive dye , acrylic acid , polymer chemistry , polymerization , materials science , yield (engineering) , composite material , polymer
Gamma radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of either acrylic acid or styrene onto untreated cotton, alkali‐treated cotton, and carbamoylethylated cottons having 0.392% N, 0.524% N, 0.725% N, 1.379% and 1.546% N was investigated under different conditions. Moisture regain and dyeability of these substrates before and after copolymerization were also examined. It was found that the graft yield increases by increasing monomer concentration and radiation dose irrespective of the monomer or substrate used. Using water‐ethanol mixtures as polymerization media are advantageous for grafting of styrene. With both monomers, however, the graft yield for the modified cottons are substantially higher than untreated and alkali‐treated cottons, indicating that the presence of carbamoylethyl in the molecular structure of cotton cellulose affords additional sites for graft copolymerization. Copolymers obtained using acrylic acid show much higher moisture regain that the ungrafted substrates, particularly when the carboxylic groups of the graft were in the sodium form. The opposite holds true for copolymers brought about by grafting with styrene. The color strength of all substrates dyed with a direct or a reactive dye decreases significantly after copolymerization with poly(acrylic acid) prior to dyeing. On the other hand, this copolymerization improves the affinity of the substrates for the basic dye and brings about perceptible shade. Copolymerization of the substrates in question with poly(styrene) improves the color strength of these substrates when dyed with direct, disperse, and basic dyes but decreases the color strength upon dyeing with a reactive dye.