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Pentavalent vanadium ion‐induced grafting of methyl methacrylate onto cotton cellulose
Author(s) -
Khalil M. I.,
ElRafie M. H.,
Hebeish A.
Publication year - 1981
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1981.070260113
Subject(s) - grafting , isopropyl alcohol , polymerization , polymer chemistry , cellulose , methyl methacrylate , chemistry , yield (engineering) , vanadium , alcohol , nuclear chemistry , isopropyl , materials science , organic chemistry , polymer , metallurgy
Graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto cotton cellulose using vanadium pentanitrate as initiator was studied under a variety of conditions. The graft yield increased with increasing initiator concentration up to 8 mmole/l. and then decreased upon further increase in initiator concentration. Increasing MMA concentration from 1 to 5% was accompanied by a significant increase in the degree of grafting. The latter was also affected by the kind and concentration of the acid incorporated in the polymerization medium. Based on graft yields, the efficiency of the acids follows the order H 2 SO 4 > HNO 3 > HClO 4 . Replacement of the acid with isopropyl alcohol was also examined. An isopropyl alcohol concentration of 10% constitutes the optimal concentration for grafting. Maximum graft yield depends upon the polymerization temperature; it follows the order 50°C ≥ 60°C > 40°C > 30°C > 70°C. Reaction mechanisms for grafting in the presence of acid as well as in the presence of isopropyl alcohol are proposed.