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Mechanics of the extension of cotton fibers. I. Experimental studies of the effect of convolutions
Author(s) -
Hearle J. W. S.,
Sparrow J. T.
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1979.070240608
Subject(s) - ultimate tensile strength , twist , extension (predicate logic) , composite material , materials science , tube (container) , natural rubber , polymer science , mathematics , geometry , computer science , programming language
Cotton fibers have structure at many levels. This paper is concerned with the effect of gross convolutions on tensile properties. Experiments with rubber tubes show that convolutions result from the collapse of a twisted hollow tube. In cotton, the convolutions will reverse at the helix reversals. Extension of cotton fibers and of nylon models shows that the initial easy extension is due to the untwisting of convolutions. If the amounts of S‐ and Z‐twist are different, the lesser part will become completely untwisted. Fibers stretched in water and then dried are without convolutions and are stiffer. Optical and SEM observations illustrate the behavior.