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Vapor‐phase grafting of methyl acrylate on fiber surfaces treated with aqueous dispersions of metal oxides
Author(s) -
Needles Howard L.,
Alger Kenneth W.
Publication year - 1975
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1975.070190813
Subject(s) - materials science , grafting , acrylate , zinc , methyl acrylate , aqueous solution , oxide , polymer chemistry , chemical engineering , polymer , monomer , chemistry , composite material , organic chemistry , engineering , metallurgy
Textile fabrics of cotton, wool, nylon, polyester, acrylic, and polyolefin pretreated with aqueous dispersions of photosensitive metal oxides (antimony, tin, titanium, and zinc oxide) were exposed to methyl acrylate vapors with simultaneous ultraviolet irradiation (>3100 Å) for up to 2hr. The metal oxides acted either as effective photosensitizers, causing increased polymer grafting on the fiber surface, or as photoabsorbers causing a net decrease in grafting compared to unsensitized photografting. Metal oxide‐induced grafting occurred more readily on hydrophilic fibers and was accompanied by less homopolymer formation, in comparison to grafting on more hydrophobic fibers. Antimony and tin oxides were more effective on hydrophilic fibers, while zinc oxide was more effective on hydrophobic fibers. Titanium dioxide was essentially ineffective as a photosensitizer. The sensitized grafting process was studied in relationship to irradiation and monomer flow time, the degree of homopolymer formation accompanying grafting, the nature of the metal oxide and polymer graft on the fiber surface, and the reflectance characteristics of the metal oxide‐treated fabrics.