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The influence of carbon black on the extrusion characteristics and rheological properties of elastomers: Polybutadiene and butadiene–styrene copolymer
Author(s) -
White James L.,
Crowder Jerry W.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1974.070180405
Subject(s) - polybutadiene , die swell , carbon black , materials science , rheology , viscoelasticity , copolymer , composite material , natural rubber , elastomer , extrusion , particle (ecology) , polymer , styrene butadiene , viscosity , acrylonitrile butadiene styrene , polymer chemistry , polymer science , styrene , oceanography , geology
An experimental study of the influence of carbon black loading, particle size, and structure on the extrusion characteristics of polybutadiene and butadiene–styrene copolymer synthetic rubber is described. The development of extrudate distortion and its mechanisms are considered. The viscosity and die swell have been related to black loading, particle size, and structure. Generally, it is found that black surface area and structure acts to increase viscosity and decrease elastic memory. This situation is analyzed in terms of the theory of nonlinear viscoelasticity. Two mechanistic theories are described which may explain this behavior. One theory is based on the continuum mechanics analysis of suspensions of particles in viscoelastic media. The rheological behavior of the black compounds is explained in terms of the increased severity of deformation in the polymer matrix surrounding the particle agglomerates. The second theory is based on the view of an entanglement network containing black particles. Polymer chains may be adsorbed onto the surface giving rise to increased entanglement densities.