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Heterogeneous polymer–polymer composites. II. Preparation and properties of model systems
Author(s) -
Dickie Ray A.,
Cheung MoFung,
Newman Seymour
Publication year - 1973
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1973.070170105
Subject(s) - materials science , composite material , phase (matter) , composite number , compression molding , polymer , emulsion polymerization , volume fraction , particle (ecology) , molding (decorative) , natural rubber , polymerization , mold , chemistry , oceanography , organic chemistry , geology
A two‐stage emulsion polymerization procedure has been developed and used to prepare relatively uniform populations of heterogeneous acrylic latex particles (HLP). One class of particles (HLP1) can be described as composite materials comprising a glassy continuous phase and a rubbery discrete phase. Another class (HLP2) can be described (at high rubber content) as composite materials comprising a rubbery continuous phase and a glassy discrete phase. The phase structure of the HLP1 is sufficiently stable to allow fabrication of composites having a uniform spatial distribution of inclusions by direct compression molding. Although the observed particle structure of the HLP2 does not depend markedly on crosslinking, the phase structure and mechanical properties of compression moldings do. Crosslinking of the glassy stage appears to stabilize HLP2 phase structure during molding, while crosslinking of the rubbery stage favors phase inversion. The observed HLP2 particle structures and the morphology of molded HLP1 specimens are consistent with a shell‐core model. It is found that the modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of many of these materials can be adequately described in terms of a simple theoretical model for the elastic and thermoelastic properties of particulate composites, provided that an interaction parameter interpreted as a maximum packing fraction is introduced.