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Experimental determination of ultrasonic wave velocities in plastics as functions of temperature. III. Rigid epoxy foam
Author(s) -
Asay James R.,
Guenther Arthur H.
Publication year - 1966
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1966.070100508
Subject(s) - materials science , epoxy , attenuation , composite material , atmospheric temperature range , ultrasonic sensor , range (aeronautics) , aluminium , thermodynamics , optics , acoustics , physics
The velocity and attenuation of longitudinal bulk waves in a solid epoxy foam were measured by an acoustic pulse technique in the frequency range of 0.667–4.0 Mc./sec. and in the temperature range from ambient to 150°C. The measurements are reported with the density of the solid epoxy and with aluminum impurity loading as parameters. Over the indicated temperature and frequency ranges, complete attenuation and velocity measurements are reported for one foam corresponding to a density of 0.325 g./cc. In the density range of 0.088–0.325 g./cc. for the unloaded foams, attenuation is reported at room temperature. It is observed that the longitudinal velocities for all the densities decrease with temperature by about 40% in a span of 100°C. and that an approximately linear relation exists with temperature. The velocities in the foams loaded with small percentages of aluminum and heat‐treated at 250°C. exhibit temperature behavior which is dependent upon the combined effects of loading, density change, and epoxy properties. For the loaded foam with the highest density (1.068 g./cc.), velocity is reported to a temperature of about 250°C. The velocities of all the various density samples with the exception of the loaded foams exhibit inflections at a temperature of about 110°C. The attenuation–temperature measurements on the 0.325 g./cc. sample show similar behavior at this temperature except that the effect is much more pronounced than the velocity inflection, hence a better indication of the transition. The precision of the measurement is about 2% for the relative longitudinal velocities and about 20% for the attenuation.