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Ion‐exchange membranes by sulfonation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films
Author(s) -
Richards G. N.
Publication year - 1964
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1964.070080523
Subject(s) - membrane , fluoride , oleum , swelling , materials science , polymer chemistry , reagent , polymer , nafion , ion , penetration (warfare) , chemical engineering , ion exchange membranes , ion exchange , chemistry , organic chemistry , composite material , inorganic chemistry , electrode , electrochemistry , biochemistry , operations research , engineering
Attempted sulfonation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) film results predominantly in reaction at the surface of the film owing to lack of penetration by the reagents. When the film is pre‐swollen with a wide range of liquids, however, sulfonation with oleum proceeds smoothly through the body of the film, and a flexible membrane of low electrical resistance is produced. The more important variables in the swelling and sulfonation steps have been investigated. Side reactions during the sulfonation lead to the introduction of carbonyl and ethylenic groupings into the polymer molecule. The latter grouping is assumed to be responsible for the lack of stability of the membrane towards oxidants.