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The tensile properties of highly filled polymers. Effect of filler concentrations
Author(s) -
Bills Kenneth W.,
Sweeny Keith H.,
Salcedo Frank S.
Publication year - 1960
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1960.070041203
Subject(s) - ultimate tensile strength , materials science , composite material , glass transition , relaxation (psychology) , modulus , tension (geology) , filler (materials) , stress relaxation , polymer , natural rubber , young's modulus , deformation (meteorology) , creep , psychology , social psychology
The systematic study of the variation in tensile properties with the extent of loading in highly filled systems has received little attention even though it is important to a variety of industries. An investigation was therefore made of the mechanical properties of a polyurethan rubber loaded with uniform glass spheres. Systems containing up to 62.5 vol.% fillers were investigated in tension on a strain rate range of 0.074 to 1850 min. −1 and temperatures of −50 to +80°C. The mechanical behavior at low extensions was found to be represented by the generalized Maxwell model. The Williams‐Landel‐Ferry relationship was satisfactorily applied to the reduction of the data. Good agreement was obtained between the glassy‐state transition temperature calculated from the reduced tensile data and from experimental differential thermal analysis results. The increase in the modulus with increasing filler content was satisfactorily described by an empirical modification of the Eilers relationship. The application of the reduced tensile data to the calculation of the stress relaxation modulus is also shown. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental data.