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Effect of alkalinity on the structure of phenol–formaldehyde resol resins
Author(s) -
Luukko Petra,
Alvila Leila,
Holopainen Timo,
Rainio Jouni,
Pakkanen Tuula T.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.1846
Subject(s) - alkalinity , formaldehyde , chemistry , phenol , differential scanning calorimetry , reactivity (psychology) , polymer chemistry , condensation polymer , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , polymer , medicine , physics , alternative medicine , pathology , thermodynamics
Two phenol–formaldehyde resol resin series with different methylation‐ and condensation‐stage alkalinities were studied. The first series was impregnation resins having a methylation alkalinity between 0.5 and 1.5 wt % and a condensation alkalinity of 1.5 wt %. The second series was adhesive resins with a methylation alkalinity between 0.5 and 3.5 wt % and a condensation alkalinity of 6.0 wt %. The chemical structure was analyzed by 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy, and reactivity, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The methylation alkalinity was found to affect the distribution of the structural groups of both phenol–formaldehyde impregnation and adhesive resins, but not to the same extent as did the total condensation alkalinity. Also, the results of the DSC analysis illustrate best the reactivity differences due to the condensation alkalinity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 258–262, 2001