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Effect of F/P and OH/P molar ratios and condensation viscosity on the structure of phenol‐formaldehyde resol resins for overlays—A statistical study
Author(s) -
Holopainen Timo,
Alvila Leila,
Savolainen Pirkko,
Pakkanen Tuula T.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/app.13511
Subject(s) - formaldehyde , phenol , differential scanning calorimetry , molar mass , molar , gel permeation chromatography , molar mass distribution , viscosity , chemistry , condensation , condensation polymer , phenol formaldehyde resin , polymer chemistry , materials science , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , polymer , composite material , medicine , physics , dentistry , thermodynamics
A two‐level full factorial experimental design with three variables, formaldehyde‐to‐phenol (F/P) molar ratio, hydroxyl‐to‐phenol (OH/P) molar ratio, and condensation viscosity was implemented to determine the effect of the variables on the structure of phenol‐formaldehyde resol resins for paper overlay impregnation. Ten resins were prepared with F/P molar ratios between 1.9 and 2.3, OH/P molar ratios between 0.09 and 0.13, and condensation viscosities between 60 and 180 mPa s. The effect of these three independent variables on the chemical structure was analyzed by 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy, on the molecular weight distribution by gel permeation chromatography, and on the reactivity by differential scanning calorimetry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2942–2948, 2004