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Water pinch analysis evolution towards a holistic approach for water minimization
Author(s) -
Manan Z. A.,
Alwi S. R. Wan
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
asia‐pacific journal of chemical engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.348
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1932-2143
pISSN - 1932-2135
DOI - 10.1002/apj.99
Subject(s) - pinch analysis , pinch , water resources , bridging (networking) , computer science , environmental science , minification , process engineering , engineering , process integration , mechanical engineering , ecology , computer network , biology , programming language
This paper reviews the evolution in water pinch analysis (WPA) research and development efforts toward a holistic and sustainable management of water resources. The paper provides a critical review of the four key areas related to the development of WPA—setting the minimum water flow rate targets, network design to achieve the targets, improvement of water networks through process change techniques and design of cost‐effective water networks. The current gaps in WPA research, the role of the urban water pinch and the holistic minimum water network technique in bridging the water pinch technology gaps are the highlights of the paper. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.