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Production, purification, characterization, immobilization, and application of β ‐galactosidase: a review
Author(s) -
Nath Arijit,
Mondal Subhoshmita,
Chakraborty Sudip,
Bhattacharjee Chiranjib,
Chowdhury Ranjana
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
asia‐pacific journal of chemical engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.348
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1932-2143
pISSN - 1932-2135
DOI - 10.1002/apj.1801
Subject(s) - lactose , food industry , lactase , downstream processing , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemical engineering , chemistry , dairy industry , food science , biochemistry , engineering , biology
ABSTRACT Biopharmaceuticals are new categorizing biomolecules, which are the results of incredible proliferation in the field of biotechnology. One of the challenging biomolecule β ‐galactosidase ( β‐galactosidase galacto hydrolysase , trivially lactase) catalyzes hydrolysis of lactose to produce glucose and galactose, and in some cases, it takes part in transgalactosylation reaction that produces functional food galato‐oligosaccharide. A wide variety of strategies had been already attempted for production of β ‐galactosidase through fermentative route. Beside the upstream process, downstream technology towards purification and immobilization of target enzyme also create great attentions. Subsequently, its wide applications in the field of food, biopharmaceuticals, dairy, diagnosis, and waste treatment boost up biotechnological economy as well as zero‐effluent discharge. In dairy industry, β ‐galactosidase has been used to degrade lactose, prevent crystallization of lactose, improve sweetness, and increase the solubility of milk product, otherwise which would be an environmental pollutant. In food and pharmaceutical industries, β ‐galactosidase has been used to prepare low lactose‐containing food products for low lactose‐tolerant people. Therefore, it is obvious to elucidate different technological aspects of β ‐galactosidase, which may provide a great knowledge in educational and industrial field. Taking the enzyme into account, a ready review has been made about its production, purification, characterization, and immobilization technology. The review also addresses wide applications of β ‐galactosidase in different fields. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.