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Study on deactivation of the CuO‐NiO/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst in the synthesis of N ‐alkylmorpholines
Author(s) -
Luo Chenxi,
Qian Chao,
Luo Hu,
Feng Lie,
Chen Yunbin,
Chen Xinzhi
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
asia‐pacific journal of chemical engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.348
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1932-2143
pISSN - 1932-2135
DOI - 10.1002/apj.1768
Subject(s) - catalysis , non blocking i/o , calcination , inductively coupled plasma , crystallite , scanning electron microscope , space velocity , copper , chemistry , sintering , desorption , nuclear chemistry , adsorption , inorganic chemistry , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , metallurgy , organic chemistry , composite material , physics , plasma , quantum mechanics , selectivity
The performance of the CuO‐NiO/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst used in the synthesis of N ‐alkylmorpholines from diethylene glycol, alcohol, and ammonia was studied. The catalyst was prepared with Ni and Cu as the active components, and the optimum contents were 4.2–4.4% and 16.8–18.9%, respectively. The catalytic activity decreased rapidly as the catalyst deactivated gradually under the high temperature and liquid hourly space velocity reaction condition. The fresh and deactivated catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analyzer, element analysis instrument and N 2 adsorption–desorption. It was found that the catalyst was covered with carbon deposition, which stunted the active center of catalyst surface and blocked the channels of the support. In addition, the sintering of the copper crystallites resulted in reunion of active metal and reduction of the active sites. At last, the catalysts were regenerated by calcination with high temperature, and the yield of the regeneration catalytic reaction was restored to 88.9% of its original levels. Copyright © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.