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Optimized experimental design for the inhibition of calcium oxalate using a turbidimetrical model
Author(s) -
Driouch Aouatef,
Djelloul Abdelkader,
KaidOmar Zohra,
Semmoud Ahmed,
Rais Abdelmajid,
Addou Ahmed
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
asia‐pacific journal of chemical engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.348
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1932-2143
pISSN - 1932-2135
DOI - 10.1002/apj.151
Subject(s) - crystallization , nucleation , turbidimetry , magnesium , chemistry , oxalate , ion , calcium , tartrate , calcium oxalate , phosphate , inorganic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , chromatography , biochemistry , organic chemistry
In this work, we studied the individual and combined effect of inhibitors such as citrate ions and magnesium ions on crystallization of calcium oxalate. It is the main constituent of more than 70% of urinary stones. In order to optimize the number of experiments with the help of a suitable mathematical model, an experimental design was developed. The crystallization of CaC 2 O 4 with and without inhibitors, at physiological concentrations, was studied by turbidimetry at 37 °C. The inhibition effect was evaluated through the induction time (nucleation) and the turbidimetrical slope (crystalline growth). The experimental design enabled the investigation of the effect of citrate ions, magnesium ions, and their combination on the inhibition rate. The obtained results showed that the inhibition power increases with inhibitor concentration when it is tested alone. This inhibition also affected the delay on nucleation. Thus, the induction time varied from 0.22 min without inhibitor to 4.73 min with citrate ions and 1.96 min with magnesium ions. The two inhibitors were more effective on nucleation and on crystalline growth when they were used in combination compared to one of them tested alone. The mathematical model fitted the experimental results well with a minimum of trials. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.