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Bovine serum albumin‐silica functionalized γ‐Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (BSA‐Si@Fe 2 O 3 ): A highly efficient and magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted pyrrole derivatives
Author(s) -
Siddiqui Shaheen,
Rather Ryhan Abdullah,
Siddiqui Zeba N.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.6232
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , thermogravimetric analysis , scanning electron microscope , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , analytical chemistry (journal) , electron paramagnetic resonance , potentiometric titration , transmission electron microscopy , nuclear chemistry , infrared spectroscopy , heterogeneous catalysis , bovine serum albumin , chemical engineering , materials science , nanotechnology , nuclear magnetic resonance , organic chemistry , chromatography , physics , electrode , engineering , composite material
The present study used silica functionalized bovine serum albumin as a bio‐support for γ‐Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (NPs) to synthesize a magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst (BSA‐Si@Fe 2 O 3 ). The structure of the catalyst was well established by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX), elemental mapping, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Thermogravimetric (TG), Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) analyses. The catalyst also possesses magnetic properties as shown by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The strong acidic properties of the catalyst was calculated using potentiometric titration showing E i value in the range of 0 < E i < 100 mV. The catalyst was found to be highly efficient for the synthesis of pyrroles affording high yield (87%–94%) in short reaction time period under environmentally feasible reaction conditions (high atom economy and low E‐factor). The BSA‐Si@Fe 2 O 3 could be recycled up to six cycles with insignificant loss in catalytic potential.