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Synthesis and characterization of a novel and green rod‐like magnetic ZnS/CuFe 2 O 4 /agar organometallic hybrid catalyst for the synthesis of biologically‐active 2‐amino‐tetrahydro‐4 H ‐chromene‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives
Author(s) -
Bahrami Shahrzad,
HassanzadehAfruzi Fereshte,
Maleki Ali
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.5949
Subject(s) - catalysis , malononitrile , knoevenagel condensation , dimedone , thermogravimetric analysis , chemistry , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , heterogeneous catalysis , scanning electron microscope , condensation reaction , nuclear chemistry , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , materials science , composite material , engineering
The magnetic biocompatible rod‐like ZnS/CuFe 2 O 4 /agar organometallic hybrid catalyst was designed and prepared based on a natural macromolecule (agar) through a green and convenient method using inexpensive, nontoxic, and easily available substances. Then, the as‐prepared catalyst was characterized by several techniques such as Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy image, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry curve, X‐ray diffraction pattern, and thermogravimetric analysis. Eventually, the catalytic application of the ZnS/CuFe 2 O 4 /agar nanobiocomposite was assessed in sequential Knoevenagel condensation–Michael addition reaction of dimedone, malononitrile, and different substituted aromatic aldehydes for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐tetrahydro‐4 H ‐chromene‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives. Some notable strengths of this environmentally benign catalyst include simplicity of catalyst preparation and separation, affording desired products with satisfactory yields (81%–97%) in very short reaction times (3–18 min), and with no need for complicated work‐up processes. Experimental tests showed that the catalyst can be successfully reused after five sequential runs without significant reduction in its catalytic efficiency.