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Carbon‐Based Material‐Supported Palladium Nanocatalysts in Coupling Reactions: Discussion on their Stability and Heterogeneity
Author(s) -
Zhao Ming,
Wu Yaxing,
Cao JingPei
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.5539
Subject(s) - nanomaterial based catalyst , catalysis , sonogashira coupling , chemistry , palladium , carbon nanotube , carbon fibers , leaching (pedology) , heterogeneous catalysis , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , materials science , composite material , environmental science , composite number , soil science , engineering , soil water
Scientific interest in carbon‐based materials (CBMs) has grown dramatically over the past few decades. Due to a variety of atomic orbital hybrid forms (sp, sp 2 and sp 3 hybridization), carbon can form a variety of materials with diverse structures and characteristics. CBMs used as efficient catalyst supports show extensive promise in organic reactions, which is attributed to their structural similarity with organics, large specific surface area, chemical stability, and photocatalytic properties. This review presents the synthesis of CBM‐supported palladium nanocatalysts based on impregnation, template methods, etc. The CBMs include activated carbon (AC), graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and their functionalized products, as supports for improving the activity and recyclability of simple Pd nanocatalysts. After surveying the literature where these catalysts have been utilized for carbon–carbon coupling reactions, there is a particular emphasis on Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions. The catalytic mechanism of these Pd nanocatalysts (surface heterogeneous catalysis or homogeneous catalysis caused by Pd leaching) is discussed in detail, especially the effect of Pd leaching on the stability of the catalyst.