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Ultra‐low‐loading palladium nanoparticles stabilized on nanocrystalline Polyaniline (Pd@PANI): A efficient, green, and recyclable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes
Author(s) -
Wang Gang,
Yuan Shuo,
Wu Zhiqiang,
Liu Wanyi,
Zhan Haijuan,
Liang Yanping,
Chen Xiaoyan,
Ma Baojun,
Bi Shuxian
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.5159
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , palladium , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , nanocomposite , polyaniline , nuclear chemistry , nanocrystalline material , polymerization , sulfonic acid , in situ polymerization , chemical engineering , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , polymer , engineering , crystallography
Ultra‐low‐loading Pd@PANI nanocomposites (0.048 w.t% Pd) were synthesized via a method that combined interfacial polymerization and in situ composite with camphor sulfonic acid ((+)‐CSA) as a dopant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the structures. It can be used as an efficient catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous solution by using a smaller amount of NaBH 4 (2.5 equiv.) at room temperature with high activity (TON = 3.4 × 10 3 ), good stability (cycled eight times), as well as wide applicability (27 substrates). The catalyst also showed a marvelous activity in the gram‐level reaction (yield = 92%). UV–Visible spectrophotometry was used to investigate the reaction kinetics for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol, and the results reconfirmed the excellent performance of the catalyst. The unique properties and superior performance of the prepared ultra‐low‐loading Pd@PANI nanocomposites lead it be an attractive alternative catalyst for conventional organic catalytic applications.