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Triphenylamine and carbazole‐modified iridium III 2‐phenylpyridine complexes: Synthesis, anticaner application and targeted research
Author(s) -
Chen Shujiao,
Liu Xicheng,
Tian Zhenzhen,
Ge Xingxing,
Hao Hailong,
Hao Yingying,
Zhang Ying,
Xie Yaoqi,
Tian Laijin,
Liu Zhe
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.5053
Subject(s) - chemistry , carbazole , triphenylamine , hela , iridium , phosphorescence , nicotinamide , flow cytometry , apoptosis , stereochemistry , fluorescence , photochemistry , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , cell , enzyme , physics , quantum mechanics , biology , catalysis
Four half‐sandwich iridium III (Ir III ) triphenylamine or carbazole‐modified 2‐phenylpyridine (TPA/Cz‐PhPy) complexes ([( η 5 ‐Cp*)Ir(C^N)Cl]) were synthesized and characterized. Compared with cisplatin, these complexes show higher activity to A549, HepG2 and HeLa cells, with the IC 50 values changed from 2.5 ± 0.1 μ M to 14.8 ± 2.6 μ M. Additionally, complexes could effectively prevent the migration of cancer cells. Ir III TPA/Cz‐PhPy complexes could bind to protein and transport through serum protein, catalyze the oxidation of nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotid (NADH) and induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and eventually lead to apoptosis, which was also confirmed by flow cytometry. Moreover, prominent targeted fluorescence property confirmed that Ir III TPA/Cz‐PhPy complexes were involved in non‐energy dependent intracellular uptake mechanism, effectively accumulated in lysosomes and damage the integrity of acidic lysosomes, and eventually induce cell death. Above all, TPA/Cz‐appended half‐sandwich Ir III phenylpyridine complexes are promising anticancer agents with dual functions, including migration inhibition and lysosomal damage.