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Functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by the baclofen drug to immobilize palladium nanoparticles and catalyze Sonogashira coupling reactions
Author(s) -
Nazari Pooneh,
Hekmati Malak
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.4729
Subject(s) - sonogashira coupling , chemistry , surface modification , palladium , raman spectroscopy , nanoparticle , carbon nanotube , aryl , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , catalysis , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering , physics , alkyl , optics
The baclofen‐MWCNTs‐Pd nanocatalyst was synthesized through covalent grafting of baclofen molecules onto surface‐modified carbon nanotubes and immobilizing Pd nanoparticles by the baclofen ligands. The chemical structure of the produced nanocatalyst was studied by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping and inductively coupled plasma analysis. Also, its surface morphology was determined using the scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Furthermore, the obtained baclofen‐MWCNTs‐Pd nanocatalyst is demonstrated to exhibit very high activity as a heterogeneous phosphine‐free catalyst in Sonogashira cross‐coupling of aryl halides by giving good to excellent yields of different products. In addition, the nanocatalyst can be reused four times without any significant leaching or loss of activity.