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Piperidine‐functionalized silica: an efficient and environmentally benign catalyst for Claisen–Schmidt condensation
Author(s) -
Khan Kulsum,
Siddiqui Zeba N.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.3200
Subject(s) - chemistry , catalysis , piperidine , thermogravimetric analysis , silica gel , organic chemistry , yield (engineering) , condensation reaction , heterogeneous catalysis , materials science , metallurgy
Piperidine‐functionalized silica as a basic heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized via a simple protocol by condensing silica chloride with piperidine. The catalyst was characterized with various techniques (FT‐IR, solid state NMR , scanning electron microscopy , energy‐dispersive X‐ray, thermogravimetric, elemental, and NH 3 and CO 2 temperature‐programmed desorption analyses). Surface area was also evaluated through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. Its catalytic activity was evaluated for Claisen–Schmidt condensation under solvent‐free conditions. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused up to five cycles without considerable loss of activity and was not deactivated due to amide formation . Also, this method has attractive advantages such as short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, good to excellent yield of products, easy handling of the catalyst and simple operational procedure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.