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Preparation of a new composite by reaction of SnBu 3 Cl with TiCl 4 in the presence of NH 4 OHphotocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine
Author(s) -
Coelho M. G.,
de Andrade F. V.,
de Lima G. M.,
Augusti R.,
Ferreira M. P.,
Maria D. A.,
Ardisson J. D.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
applied organometallic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1099-0739
pISSN - 0268-2605
DOI - 10.1002/aoc.1745
Subject(s) - indigo carmine , chemistry , anatase , photocatalysis , crystallinity , mass spectrometry , nuclear chemistry , catalysis , scanning electron microscope , composite number , composite material , organic chemistry , materials science , crystallography , chromatography
Reactions of SnBu 3 Cl, TiCl 4 and NH 4 OH in ethanol followed by pyrolysis of the resultant product at 550 °C, either in an atmosphere of oxygen or hydrogen, yielding new SnO 2 TiO 2 based composites. In all, eight products were prepared with weight ratios of SnTiO 2 of 0% (1), 5% (2), 15% (3) and 30% (4) in O 2 and 0% (5), 5% (6), 15% (7) and 30% (8) in H 2 . XRD revealed diffraction patterns of TiO 2 (anatase) in the composites, but not those of SnO 2 due to its insufficient crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the presence of Sn metal on the surface of composites 6–8. 119 Sn Mössbauer experiments revealed SnO 2 in all samples, and increasing amounts of tin in samples 7 and 8, respectively. The composites were used in experiments of photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye. The catalytic experiments monitored by mass spectrometry and electronic spectroscopy revealed that, in the conditions of the experiments, composite 8 displays the highest activity. In addition, degradation products were characterised using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS and ESI‐MS/MS) data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.