Premium
Vacancy‐Enabled O3 Phase Stabilization for Manganese‐Rich Layered Sodium Cathodes
Author(s) -
Xiao Biwei,
Wang Yichao,
Tan Sha,
Song Miao,
Li Xiang,
Zhang Yuxin,
Lin Feng,
Han Kee Sung,
Omenya Fredrick,
Amine Khalil,
Yang XiaoQing,
Reed David,
Hu Yanyan,
Xu GuiLiang,
Hu Enyuan,
Li Xin,
Li Xiaolin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.202016334
Subject(s) - cathode , manganese , materials science , phase (matter) , electrochemistry , oxide , transition metal , chemical engineering , metastability , capacity loss , phase transition , sodium , oxygen , electrode , chemistry , metallurgy , catalysis , thermodynamics , biochemistry , physics , organic chemistry , engineering
Manganese‐rich layered oxide materials hold great potential as low‐cost and high‐capacity cathodes for Na‐ion batteries. However, they usually form a P2 phase and suffer from fast capacity fade. In this work, an O3 phase sodium cathode has been developed out of a Li and Mn‐rich layered material by leveraging the creation of transition metal (TM) and oxygen vacancies and the electrochemical exchange of Na and Li. The Mn‐rich layered cathode material remains primarily O3 phase during sodiation/desodiation and can have a full sodiation capacity of ca. 220 mAh g −1 . It delivers ca. 160 mAh g −1 specific capacity between 2–3.8 V with >86 % retention over 250 cycles. The TM and oxygen vacancies pre‐formed in the sodiated material enables a reversible migration of TMs from the TM layer to the tetrahedral sites in the Na layer upon de‐sodiation and sodiation. The migration creates metastable states, leading to increased kinetic barrier that prohibits a complete O3‐P3 phase transition.