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Porphyrin/Ionic‐Liquid Co‐assembly Polymorphism Controlled by Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation
Author(s) -
Yuan Chengqian,
Yang Mengyao,
Ren Xiaokang,
Zou Qianli,
Yan Xuehai
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.202007459
Subject(s) - ionic liquid , supramolecular chemistry , nucleation , polymorphism (computer science) , intermolecular force , porphyrin , chemical physics , nanotechnology , materials science , polymerization , self assembly , cluster (spacecraft) , phase transition , supramolecular assembly , chemistry , chemical engineering , molecule , organic chemistry , catalysis , polymer , thermodynamics , physics , biochemistry , computer science , genotype , engineering , gene , programming language
Understanding and controlling multicomponent co‐assembly is of primary importance in different fields, such as materials fabrication, pharmaceutical polymorphism, and supramolecular polymerization, but these aspects have been a long‐standing challenge. Herein, we discover that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) into ion‐cluster‐rich and ion‐cluster‐poor liquid phases is the first step prior to co‐assembly nucleation based on a model system of water‐soluble porphyrin and ionic liquids. The LLPS‐formed droplets serve as the nucleation precursors, which determine the resulting structures and properties of co‐assemblies. Co‐assembly polymorphism and tunable supramolecular phase transition behaviors can be achieved by regulating the intermolecular interactions at the LLPS stage. These findings elucidate the key role of LLPS in multicomponent co‐assembly evolution and enable it to be an effective strategy to control co‐assembly polymorphism as well as supramolecular phase transitions.