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Electro‐Mechanochemical Atom Transfer Radical Cyclizations using Piezoelectric BaTiO 3
Author(s) -
Schumacher Christian,
Hernández José G.,
Bolm Carsten
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.202003565
Subject(s) - catalysis , barium titanate , copper , piezoelectricity , ball mill , mechanochemistry , atom transfer radical polymerization , solvent , atom (system on chip) , chemistry , polarization (electrochemistry) , chemical engineering , materials science , photochemistry , polymerization , organic chemistry , composite material , ceramic , embedded system , computer science , engineering , polymer
The formation and regeneration of active Cu I species is a fundamental mechanistic step in copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclizations (ATRC). Typically, the presence of the catalytically active Cu I species in the reaction mixture is secured by using high Cu I catalyst loadings or the addition of complementary reducing agents. In this study it is demonstrated how the piezoelectric properties of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) can be harnessed by mechanical ball milling to induce electrical polarization in the strained piezomaterial. This strategy enables the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, leading to the reduction of a Cu II precatalyst into the active Cu I species in copper‐catalyzed mechanochemical solvent‐free ATRC reactions.