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Smart Design of Nanomaterials for Mitochondria‐Targeted Nanotherapeutics
Author(s) -
Liew Si Si,
Qin Xiaofei,
Zhou Jia,
Li Lin,
Huang Wei,
Yao Shao Q.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201915826
Subject(s) - nanocarriers , mitochondrion , internalization , organelle , nanomedicine , nanotechnology , drug delivery , computational biology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , materials science , nanoparticle , cell , biochemistry
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells. They are vital organelles that maintain cellular function and metabolism. Dysfunction of mitochondria results in various diseases with a great diversity of clinical appearances. In the past, strategies have been developed for fabricating subcellular‐targeting drug‐delivery nanocarriers, enabling cellular internalization and subsequent organelle localization. Of late, innovative strategies have emerged for the smart design of multifunctional nanocarriers. Hierarchical targeting enables nanocarriers to evade and overcome various barriers encountered upon in vivo administration to reach the organelle with good bioavailability. Stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers allow controlled release of therapeutics to occur at the desired target site. Synergistic therapy can be achieved using a combination of approaches such as chemotherapy, gene and phototherapy. In this Review, we survey the field for recent developments and strategies used in the smart design of nanocarriers for mitochondria‐targeted therapeutics. Existing challenges and unexplored therapeutic opportunities are also highlighted and discussed to inspire the next generation of mitochondrial‐targeting nanotherapeutics.