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Cation Diffusion Guides Hybrid Halide Perovskite Crystallization during the Gel Stage
Author(s) -
Liu Lang,
Bai Yang,
Zhang Xiao,
Shang Yuequn,
Wang Chenyue,
Wang Hao,
Zhu Cheng,
Hu Chen,
Wu Jiafeng,
Zhou Huanping,
Li Yujing,
Yang Shihe,
Ning Zhijun,
Chen Qi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201914183
Subject(s) - halide , perovskite (structure) , diffusion , crystallization , phase (matter) , kinetics , materials science , chemical engineering , chemical physics , thin film , chemistry , nanotechnology , thermodynamics , inorganic chemistry , crystallography , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
Lead halide perovskites with mixed cations/anions often suffer from phase segregation, which is detrimental to device efficiency and their long‐term stability. During perovskite film growth, the gel stage (in between liquid and crystalline) correlates to phase segregation, which has been rarely explored. Herein, cation diffusion kinetics are systematically investigated at the gel stage to develop a diffusion model obeying Fick's second law. Taking 2D layered perovskite as an example, theoretical and experimental results reveal the impact of diffusion coefficient, temperature, and gel duration on the film growth and phase formation. A homogenous 2D perovskite thin film was then fabricated without significant phase segregation. This in‐depth understanding of gel stage and relevant cation diffusion kinetics would further guide the design and processing of halide perovskites with mixed composition to meet requirements for optoelectronic applications.