Premium
Artemisinin–(Iso)quinoline Hybrids by C−H Activation and Click Chemistry: Combating Multidrug‐Resistant Malaria
Author(s) -
Çapcı Aysun,
Lorion Mélanie M.,
Wang Hui,
Simon Nina,
Leidenberger Maria,
Borges Silva Mariana C.,
Moreira Diogo R. M.,
Zhu Yongping,
Meng Yuqing,
Chen Jia Yun,
Lee Yew Mun,
Friedrich Oliver,
Kappes Barbara,
Wang Jigang,
Ackermann Lutz,
Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201907224
Subject(s) - artemisinin , quinoline , click chemistry , isoquinoline , cycloaddition , hybrid , chemistry , multiple drug resistance , plasmodium falciparum , combinatorial chemistry , malaria , azide , drug resistance , stereochemistry , biology , biochemistry , catalysis , botany , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , immunology
A substantial challenge worldwide is emergent drug resistance in malaria parasites against approved drugs, such as chloroquine (CQ). To address these unsolved CQ resistance issues, only rare examples of artemisinin (ART)‐based hybrids have been reported. Moreover, protein targets of such hybrids have not been identified yet, and the reason for the superior efficacy of these hybrids is still not known. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel ART–isoquinoline and ART–quinoline hybrids showing highly improved potencies against CQ‐resistant and multidrug‐resistant P. falciparum strains (EC 50 (Dd2) down to 1.0 n m ; EC 50 (K1) down to 0.78 n m ) compared to CQ (EC 50 (Dd2)=165.3 n m ; EC 50 (K1)=302.8 n m ) and strongly suppressing parasitemia in experimental malaria. These new compounds are easily accessible by step‐economic C−H activation and copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reactions. Through chemical proteomics, putatively hybrid‐binding protein targets of the ART‐quinolines were successfully identified in addition to known targets of quinoline and artemisinin alone, suggesting that the hybrids act through multiple modes of action to overcome resistance.