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Light‐Addressable Ion Sensing for Real‐Time Monitoring of Extracellular Potassium
Author(s) -
Yang Ying,
Cuartero Maria,
Gonçales Vinicius Romero,
Gooding J. Justin,
Bakker Eric
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201811268
Subject(s) - electrochemistry , electrode , chemistry , ion , substrate (aquarium) , analytical chemistry (journal) , potassium , fluorescence , materials science , optics , chromatography , oceanography , physics , organic chemistry , geology
We report here on a light addressable potassium (K + ) sensor where light illumination of a semiconducting silicon electrode substrate results in a localized activation of the faradaic electrochemistry at the illuminated spot. This allows one, by electrochemical control, to oxidize surface bound ferrocene moieties that in turn trigger K + transfer from the overlaid K + ‐selective film to the solution phase. The resulting voltammetric response is shown to be K + ‐selective, where peak position is a direct function of K + activity at the surface of electrode. This concept was used to measure extracellular K + concentration changes by stimulating living breast cancer cells. The associated decrease of intracellular K + level was confirmed with a fluorescent K + indicator. In contrast to light addressable potentiometry, the approach introduced here relies on dynamic electrochemistry and may be performed in tandem with other electrochemical analysis when studying biological events on the electrode.