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3D‐Printed Carbon Electrodes for Neurotransmitter Detection
Author(s) -
Yang Cheng,
Cao Qun,
Puthongkham Pumidech,
Lee Scott T.,
Ganesana Mallikarjunarao,
Lavrik Nickolay V.,
Venton B. Jill
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201809992
Subject(s) - microelectrode , reproducibility , materials science , fabrication , electrode , nanotechnology , cyclic voltammetry , carbon fibers , biomedical engineering , multielectrode array , optoelectronics , chemistry , electrochemistry , chromatography , composite number , composite material , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Abstract Implantable neural microsensors have significantly advanced neuroscience research, but the geometry of most probes is limited by the fabrication methods. Therefore, new methods are needed for batch‐manufacturing with high reproducibility. Herein, a novel method is developed using two‐photon nanolithography followed by pyrolysis for fabrication of free‐standing microelectrodes with a carbon electroactive surface. 3D‐printed spherical and conical electrodes were characterized with slow scan cyclic voltammetry (CV). With fast‐scan CV, the electrodes showed low dopamine LODs of 11±1 n m (sphere) and 10±2 n m (cone), high sensitivity to multiple neurochemicals, and high reproducibility. Spherical microelectrodes were used to detect dopamine in a brain slice and in vivo, demonstrating they are robust enough for tissue implantation. This work is the first demonstration of 3D‐printing of free‐standing carbon electrodes; and the method is promising for batch fabrication of customized, implantable neural sensors.