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Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
Author(s) -
Zhang Heng,
Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie,
Judez Xabier,
Li Chunmei,
RodriguezMartínez Lide M.,
Armand Michel
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201712702
Subject(s) - electrolyte , faraday efficiency , polysulfide , anode , cathode , lithium (medication) , materials science , intercalation (chemistry) , energy storage , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , electrode , power (physics) , endocrinology , medicine , physics , quantum mechanics
Lithium metal (Li 0 ) rechargeable batteries (LMBs), such as systems with a Li 0 anode and intercalation and/or conversion type cathode, lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S), and lithium‐oxygen (O 2 )/air (Li‐O 2 /air) batteries, are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system, with the aim of sustainable mobility. Although some rechargeable LMBs (e.g. Li 0 /LiFePO 4 batteries from Bolloré Bluecar, Li‐S batteries from OXIS Energy and Sion Power) are already commercially viable in niche applications, their large‐scale deployment is hampered by a number of formidable challenges, including growth of lithium dendrites, electrolyte instability towards high voltage intercalation‐type cathodes, the poor electronic and ionic conductivities of sulfur (S 8 ) and O 2 , as well as their corresponding reduction products (e.g. Li 2 S and Li 2 O), dissolution, and shuttling of polysulfide (PS) intermediates. This leads to a short lifecycle, low coulombic/energy efficiency, poor safety, and a high self‐discharge rate. The use of electrolyte additives is considered one of the most economical and effective approaches for circumventing these problems. This Review gives an overview of the various functional additives that are being applied and aims to stimulate new avenues for the practical realization of these appealing devices.