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On the Upper Limits of Oxidation States in Chemistry
Author(s) -
Hu ShuXian,
Li WanLu,
Lu JunBo,
Bao Junwei Lucas,
Yu Haoyu S.,
Truhlar Donald G.,
Gibson John K.,
Marçalo Joaquim,
Zhou Mingfei,
Riedel Sebastian,
Schwarz W. H. Eugen,
Li Jun
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201711450
Subject(s) - quantum chemical , oxidation state , lewis acids and bases , chemistry , electron , chemical bond , metal , quantum chemistry , redox , transition metal , chemical state , computational chemistry , chemical physics , inorganic chemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , physics , catalysis , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , quantum mechanics , nuclear magnetic resonance , supramolecular chemistry
The concept of oxidation state ( OS ) is based on the concept of Lewis electron pairs, in which the bonding electrons are assigned to the more electronegative element. This approach is useful for keeping track of the electrons, predicting chemical trends, and guiding syntheses. Experimental and quantum‐chemical results reveal a limit near +8 for the highest OS in stable neutral chemical substances under ambient conditions. OS =+9 was observed for the isolated [IrO 4 ] + cation in vacuum. The prediction of OS =+10 for isolated [PtO 4 ] 2+ cations is confirmed computationally for low temperatures only, but hasn't yet been experimentally verified. For high OS species, oxidation of the ligands, for example, of O −2 with formation of . O −1 and O−O bonds, and partial reduction of the metal center may be favorable, possibly leading to non‐Lewis type structures.