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Soft Electrochemical Probes for Mapping the Distribution of Biomarkers and Injected Nanomaterials in Animal and Human Tissues
Author(s) -
Lin TzuEn,
Lu YuJen,
Sun ChiaLiang,
Pick Horst,
Chen JyhPing,
Lesch Andreas,
Girault Hubert H.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201709271
Subject(s) - nanomaterials , nanotechnology , biodistribution , biomolecule , amperometry , scanning electrochemical microscopy , materials science , microscopy , graphene , confocal microscopy , chemistry , biophysics , electrochemistry , electrode , pathology , biology , medicine , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , in vitro
Monitoring biomarkers and injected theranostic nanomaterials in tissues and organs plays a pivotal role in numerous medical applications ranging from cancer diagnostics to drug delivery. Scanning electrochemical microscopy has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to create highly resolved maps of the distributions of relevant biomolecules in cells and tissues without suffering from the optical interferences of conventional microscopy. We demonstrate for the first time the application of soft microelectrodes brushing in contact mode over large and thick tissues as well as organs that were immersed in an electrolyte solution. Amperometric currents were recorded based on the local flux of redox‐active species locally and specifically generated by the biomarkers and nanomaterials to create maps of the biodistribution of graphene oxide nanoribbons in mouse livers, prognostic protein biomarkers in human melanoma and redox‐active proteins in mouse heart.