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Phage‐Enabled Nanomedicine: From Probes to Therapeutics in Precision Medicine
Author(s) -
Sunderland Kegan S.,
Yang Mingying,
Mao Chuanbin
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201606181
Subject(s) - nanomedicine , lytic cycle , computational biology , phage therapy , bacteriophage , disease , nanotechnology , precision medicine , biology , medicine , virology , gene , virus , materials science , nanoparticle , genetics , escherichia coli , pathology
Both lytic and temperate bacteriophages (phages) can be applied in nanomedicine, in particular, as nanoprobes for precise disease diagnosis and nanotherapeutics for targeted disease treatment. Since phages are bacteria‐specific viruses, they do not naturally infect eukaryotic cells and are not toxic to them. They can be genetically engineered to target nanoparticles, cells, tissues, and organs, and can also be modified with functional abiotic nanomaterials for disease diagnosis and treatment. This Review will summarize the current use of phage structures in many aspects of precision nanomedicine, including ultrasensitive biomarker detection, enhanced bioimaging for disease diagnosis, targeted drug and gene delivery, directed stem cell differentiation, accelerated tissue formation, effective vaccination, and nanotherapeutics for targeted disease treatment. We will also propose future directions in the area of phage‐based nanomedicines, and discuss the state of phage‐based clinical trials.